{"id":22403,"date":"2022-03-25T16:15:33","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T15:15:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/?p=22403"},"modified":"2022-03-25T16:15:40","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T15:15:40","slug":"superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Article published on The Bureau of investigative journalism<\/a> on March 16, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Joanne Canda-Alvarez found her nine-year-old son splayed out on his bedroom floor, unable to move and foaming at the mouth. The day before, Jayven had been playing golf with his family. Now he was completely paralysed by the sudden onset of a rare autoimmune disease that doctors linked to campylobacter, a bacteria mainly found in poultry products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Canda-Alvarez and her husband did not know whether their son would survive \u2013 he was on a ventilator in hospital and unable to even speak. But his mother could see how scared he was. \u201cI could tell it in his eyes,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nearly four years after falling sick, Jayven still struggles to control his hands and his right foot, a result of lasting nerve damage. \u201cNobody has an answer to if he’ll ever recover fully \u2013 if his body will ever be the same,\u201d said his mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Campylobacter is America\u2019s biggest cause of foodborne illness, just ahead of salmonella. Both are potentially fatal. Yet between 2015 and 2020, US companies \u2013 including the poultry giants Perdue, Pilgrim\u2019s Pride, Tyson, Foster Farms and Koch Foods \u2013 sold tens of thousands of meat products contaminated with campylobacter and salmonella, according to government sampling records obtained by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism. More than half of these were contaminated with antibiotic-resistant strains \u2013 a rapidly escalating issue that can be exacerbated by poor hygiene conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The poultry companies supply major grocery stores and fast food chains. Tyson has supplied chicken to McDonald\u2019s, Perdue has sold to Whole Foods and both have supplied Walmart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) deems a certain level of salmonella and campylobacter within poultry acceptable, 12 major US poultry companies, including Perdue, Pilgrim\u2019s Pride, Koch Foods, Foster Farms and Tyson, have exceeded USDA standards for acceptable levels of salmonella multiple times since 2018, when the government began reporting contamination rates at individual plants, according to the department\u2019s records. The USDA still runs tests for campylobacter in processing plants but it is not currently tracking whether plants exceed the contamination thresholds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Batches of poultry products with contamination rates above the limit don\u2019t have to be recalled, although plants that repeatedly exceed the thresholds can be temporarily shut down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Separate government records also show that between January 2015 and August 2019, the same 12 major US poultry companies broke food safety rules on at least 145,000 occasions \u2013 or on average more than 80 times a day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poultry plant workers also claimed they have sometimes been asked to process rotten-smelling meat, have witnessed chicken tossed into grinders with dead insects and found government safety inspectors apparently asleep on the job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSince [the meat] comes to us really dirty, when we open the box, it\u2019s like, \u2018Let\u2019s see what\u2019s inside!\u2019\u201d alleged one worker at a Tyson plant in Springdale, Arkansas. \u201cSometimes it has flies, it has crickets, cockroaches in there already frozen.\u201d He claimed that when he pointed this out to the supervisors, they seemed to show little interest \u2013 and so the insects ended up being put into the grinder with the meat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Campylobacter causes more than 100 deaths every year in America as well as 1.5 million infections. It also accounts for up to 40% of the country\u2019s cases of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome, the disease that left Jayven paralysed. Yet the sale of poultry products found to be contaminated with either that or salmonella bacteria remains perfectly legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Canda-Alvarez is still shaken by her son\u2019s experience. \u201cOne day he\u2019s playing golf, and the next day he\u2019s completely paralysed. It was the most mind-boggling thing I\u2019ve ever experienced,\u201d she said. \u201cWhen they told me that it was from campylobacter I was like, \u2018So this bacteria that nobody knows about, that could destroy your whole life, is from chicken or poultry?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat\u2019s why I tell people, you need to be careful how you cook your food or where you eat. Because you never know what could happen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The level of salmonella and campylobacter that the USDA deems acceptable differs depending on the product. A maximum of 15.4% of chicken parts leaving a processing plant, for instance, can test positive for salmonella and the plant can still meet acceptable standards. The threshold for campylobacter is 7.7%. Many experts argue these levels are too lax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA\u2019s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) does \u201ca very poor job of regulating the contaminants\u201d, according to Zach Corrigan, senior staff attorney at the pressure group Food & Water Watch. \u201cThis comes in the way of allowing super-fast line speeds, allowing companies to largely regulate themselves on the slaughter and then doing very little monitoring of contamination.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An FSIS spokesperson said: \u201cFSIS is committed to reducing foodborne infections associated with FSIS-regulated products, including reduction of salmonella illnesses attributable to poultry.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Especially concerning is the increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The number of drug-resistant salmonella infections in the US rose from around 159,000 in 2004 to around 222,000 in 2016, according to the CDC. Campylobacter has become more resistant too: ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat it, is increasingly ineffective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bureau has uncovered a catalogue of hygiene breaches, many of them at plants run by large US poultry firms linked to the supply of superbug-infected meat \u2013 and these conditions have \u201ca huge impact\u201d on drug-resistant bacteria, said Mohammad Aminul Islam, assistant professor at Washington State University\u2019s School for Global Health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn a slaughterhouse, you have lots of poultry coming from different places,\u201d he said. \u201cSo you don\u2019t know which is from a good farm, which is a less clean farm, which is more colonised [by drug-resistant bacteria], which is less colonised. But they are just mixed together. So the processing plant hygiene and environmental condition is a critical point.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rise of superbugs is having increasingly serious human consequences. Antibiotics have been used effectively against these bacterial diseases but due to drug resistance, doctors are turning more frequently to last-resort drugs, which often have more side effects. And if these fail, there is no choice but to let the disease take its course.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018You don\u2019t think a drive-through could cost your kid their life\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ashley Queipo believes an impromptu trip to Chick-Fil-A in April 2020 likely resulted in her son fighting for his life. After a long morning of home-schooling in their town of Brooksville, Florida, the family headed to the drive-through as a treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eight-year-old Chace ordered his favourite: chicken nuggets. But within hours, he fell seriously ill. When he was hospitalised with salmonella, tests showed the infection was resistant to all antibiotics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou don’t think that going through a drive-through and handing that brown paper bag to your kid in the back seat could cost them potentially their life,\u201d said Queipo. \u201cBut that is the reality.\u201d She believes the nuggets made him sick. It was one of the last meals he ate before falling ill and the only one neither of his parents prepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Queipo did not report the incident to the restaurant because the family initially thought the illness was caused by a virus and by the time it was diagnosed as salmonella, she was focused on her son\u2019s condition. Chick-Fil-A declined to comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe odds were really against him,\u201d Queipo remembered. \u201cHe was so dehydrated, he had a fever and he was hallucinating. His body was trying so hard to fight it. And it just couldn’t.\u201d Chace\u2019s stomach and bowels stopped working, but doctors were left with no treatment options beyond inserting a tube into a vein near his heart to give him nutrition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chace was lucky: he recovered to full health \u2013 albeit over four months. These days he no longer eats nuggets and is anxious about eating meat at all. \u201cWe don’t eat out anymore,\u201d said his mother. \u201cWe very rarely eat chicken. If we do, we overcook it.\u201d“The odds were really against him,” remembers his motherAshley Queipo<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The recent rise of campylobacter and salmonella in chicken can be traced back to the birth of industrial poultry farming. Today chicken is America\u2019s favourite meat, but before the second world war, it was expensive and eaten largely by the wealthy. The average American ate no more than 10 pounds a year \u2013 about a tenth of what is consumed today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wartime rationing of beef, lamb and pork changed this temporarily. But when that came to an end, Americans were ready to once again abandon costly poultry products. Fearing this eventuality, one savvy supermarket chain, supported by the USDA, launched a contest to breed \u201cthe chicken of tomorrow\u201d. The plan worked; by the 1950s, the contest had produced a fatter, faster-growing hybrid breed of bird \u2013 and kickstarted the industrial chicken-farming system that exists today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antibiotics catalysed this chicken boom. The drugs had transformed human healthcare after they became widely available in the 1940s, but farmers soon discovered that antibiotics do not only curb disease, they also stimulate growth in animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was not long before America\u2019s poultry producers were pumping antibiotics into animals\u00a0at all stages of production<\/a>, be it injections given to day-old chickens or drugs put in feed to\u00a0fatten up broiler birds<\/a>. Antibiotics also helped suppress the diseases common in industrially farmed birds that were reared in cramped and unsanitary conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certain procedures changed over time and some rules have been tightened in recent years \u2013 FDA regulations now ban the use of the drugs on animals to promote growth \u2013 but the consequences of antibiotic overuse are still being felt today. Some studies from Europe have shown that it can take at least eight years for resistant strains of bacteria to decline after antibiotic use is curtailed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bacteria evolve to develop resistance to the antibiotics attacking them; the more the drugs are used, the more resistance to them rises. As such, antimicrobial resistance has become a major cause of death, directly killing an estimated 1.27 million people in 2019 and linked to almost 5 million deaths around the world, according to\u00a0a recent study published in the Lancet<\/a>. In America, antibiotic-resistant superbugs kill more than 35,000 people each year and make another 2.8 million sick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As fears about drug resistance have mounted, US poultry firms have cut their use of antibiotics. \u201cThe chicken industry for years has been a leader in reducing usage,\u201d a spokesperson for the National Chicken Council told the Bureau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet experts say stricter measures are still required to contain drug-resistant bacteria, especially around hygiene. Under the current system, animals are slaughtered at \u201camazingly fast speeds with little regard for sanitation\u201d, said Corrigan. \u201cAnd the pathogens that are in these animals\u2019 bodies get spread everywhere, and these pathogens are increasingly resistant to antibiotics. And then we’re all exposed.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anything but wholesome<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At a Tyson plant in Springdale that deals with turning chicken meat into nuggets and burgers, boxes of chicken have sometimes arrived \u201crotten\u201d, alleged one worker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He added: \u201cWe notified the supervisor. We said, \u2018Hey this chicken stinks, it smells awful.\u2019 He says, \u2018No, toss it in.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plant \u201csmells like a rotting animal\u201d, the worker claimed; meat has been left stuck in machines, which were not properly washed because the company responsible for cleaning is short-staffed. \u201cThere\u2019s meat everywhere, laying on the floor\u201d, he alleged. But rather than being thrown away he claimed it was washed and added back into the processing line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sitting on a foldout chair in his sparsely furnished living room, the worker described his concerns of potential consequences for speaking publicly. He was worried management might try to find an excuse to fire him if he was found out, he said in a hushed voice, just audible over the noise of kids\u2019 cartoons coming from the next room.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another worker from the plant claimed that he had seen the Food Safety and Inspection Service officials, who are in the plant to guarantee hygiene standards, sleeping on the job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyson Foods denies acting inappropriately. \u201cTyson Foods has been serving American families safe, nutritious food for nearly a century, and we categorically reject the allegations levelled,\u201d said a company spokesperson, adding that the plants in question have received the highest ratings from a third-party auditor that oversees food safety standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur team members have a number of ways to raise concerns without fear of retaliation. Beyond raising concerns to their supervisors, management, and human resources they can also anonymously report issues to our help line.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We tell the supervisor the chicken smells awful. He says to toss it in. Sometimes it has flies, it has crickets, cockroaches in there\u201d \u2013 poultry plant worker<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite unhygienic conditions at plants, companies have been able to market their food as clean and virtuous using \u201coutright deceitful\u201d images, claimed Corrigan at Food & Water Watch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c[Companies] know that consumers want to not only have a product that is safe for themselves and their families, they also want a product that is sustainably and justly raised. And the industry plays on that with pictures of idealised family farms, where every chicken is a happy chicken,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poultry companies like to advertise their meat as \u201cwholesome\u201d \u2013 a label given by USDA inspections. Yet the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine carried out a study in 2011 that found faecal bacteria in almost half of 120 chicken products sold by 15 supermarket chains in 10 US cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The group petitioned the USDA to drop the word \u201cwholesome\u201d from the inspection labels of poultry products contaminated with faecal matter but after being taken to court for its failure to respond, the USDA denied the petition. The USDA conceded that bacteria from faeces are routinely found in poultry products but argued no action needed to be taken as it only deems faeces visible to the naked eye as an \u201cadulterant\u201d \u2013 a substance that compromises the product\u2019s safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, \u201cwholesome\u201d chicken, contaminated with faecal matter, continues to be sold on supermarket shelves across the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPoultry companies have invested tens of millions of dollars annually in technology and other scientifically validated measures to enhance the safety profile of chicken products,\u201d said a spokesperson for the National Chicken Council. He added that the vast majority of broiler chicken plants met the government performance standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

USDA records obtained by the Bureau, however, identify a number of cases in which individual slaughterhouses breached hygiene regulations hundreds of times. One Tyson slaughterhouse in Springdale \u2013 responsible for dozens of poultry products contaminated with drug-resistant campylobacter \u2013 was found to have breached food safety and hygiene regulations more than 800 times between 2015 and 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In one instance, inspectors reported that birds arrived at the plant dead but were still put into the production line, which is prohibited by sanitary regulations. In others, chickens were found to be contaminated with faecal matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the same day that one report of faecal contamination was made, a batch of chicken tested positive for drug-resistant campylobacter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The reports are documented \u201cnon-compliances\u201d, or failures to meet the requirements of government regulations. Companies can contest the validity of these breaches, but none of the businesses contacted for this story said that they had.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Tyson Foods spokesperson said: \u201cBoth Tyson and USDA inspectors are trained to take immediate action when a food safety concern is detected. If a product does not meet federal safety standards, it\u2019s immediately removed from production.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Need for reform<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

High rates of Covid infections among poultry workers have also put the spotlight on the conditions in processing plants. Line-speed waivers \u2013 which allow plants to accelerate processing times beyond the federally capped 140 birds per minute \u2013 have come under particular fire from workers\u2019 rights groups who argue faster speeds require more workers, which could impinge social distancing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Increasing line speeds can also have knock-on effects on hygiene and disease control, said Magaly Licolli, director of Venceremos, an Arkansas-based poultry workers\u2019 rights group. The Tyson plant in Arkansas, which committed numerous hygiene breaches and produced chicken contaminated with drug-resistant bugs, was granted a line-speed waiver in September 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More recently, she said, the USDA has sanctioned these increases while inspections have declined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith less inspectors and the chicken coming faster,\u201d she said, \u201cit’s impossible for any human being to catch the bird that comes in sick.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poultry companies are given the results of tests carried out on samples. But under current regulations, no strain of campylobacter or salmonella is classified as an adulterant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that companies have no legal obligation to withhold batches of food contaminated with campylobacter or salmonella \u2013 even drug-resistant variants \u2013 or to recall meat already sold. These products could be knowingly and legally sold to customers for human consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a \u201ctravesty from a public health standpoint\u201d, said David Wallinga, senior health adviser at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Wallinga said that the approach in America has long been to simply accept that millions of people getting food poisoning each year is \u201cjust the price we pay for having big meat industries and pretty inexpensive sources of meat\u201d. He said the outbreaks of food poisoning caused by antibiotic-resistant strains have been \u201cthe gorilla in the room\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For families hit by the worst consequences of these diseases, the lax regulations are hard to accept. \u201cIt’s actually really upsetting because they are still selling [poultry products] to these people,\u201d said Joanne Canda-Alvarez. \u201cAnd they are not making people aware of what could happen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEverybody knows about salmonella,\u201d she added. \u201dWe didn’t learn about [campylobacter] even until he got it. It’s a dangerous bacteria. It’s a bacteria that can do very bad things to you.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Campaigners and politicians have stepped up the pressure for legal reform to classify certain strains of salmonella as adulterants, which would force companies to withdraw products that test positive from sale. Bill Marler, a food safety attorney, recently threatened to \u201cproceed with judicial remedies\u201d against the USDA if officials fail to respond to his petition made last January for 31 strains of salmonella to be made adulterants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In September 2021, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) sent another petition to the USDA, calling for enforceable standards that target the bacteria posing the greatest risk to human health. Several big firms, including Tyson and Perdue, signed the letter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFood safety, farmer relationships and animal care are top priorities for us at Perdue,\u201d said a spokesperson for the company. \u201cThat’s why our company advocates for the modernisation of our nation\u2019s food safety regulations and welcomed recent steps by USDA to address these concerns in a way that utilises the most up-to-date science.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch Foods, Foster Farms, Pilgrim\u2019s Pride, McDonald\u2019s and Walmart did not respond to requests for comment. Whole Foods declined to comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A 2010 study<\/a>\u00a0into campylobacter found that poor health and welfare among chickens also impairs their ability to control infections. Stress hormones trigger the rapid growth of campylobacter bacteria and enable it to move out of the gut and into the bird\u2019s muscle tissue \u2013 the parts that humans eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no formal regulation of farm conditions in the US, and therefore no government inspection records, but whistleblowers and undercover investigators have reported that farms have often been filthy and hugely overcrowded, with tens of thousands of birds packed into windowless sheds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A complaint filed with the Bureau of Consumer Protection from February 2021 documented the traumatic catching process, detailing how Tyson sends \u201ccatching crews\u201d into the grow houses to grab the chickens that are big enough for slaughter. The catchers \u201cgrab the birds by the legs and carry them upside down by their ankles \u2013 multiple birds in each hand \u2013 before pushing them into the transport cages\u201d, the complaint said. The cages are not tall enough for the birds to stand upright and so many birds are packed into each that they do not have room to move or spread their wings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rudy Howell, who reared chickens for Perdue from 1994 until summer 2020, has also made a series of allegations about the company. In 2021 Howell filed a complaint to the Occupational Health and Safety Administration against Perdue for alleged wrongful discharge after he spoke out about their practices. Perdue disputes his allegations and accuses him of having breached biosecurity measures by inviting a film crew onto his farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Howell\u2019s allegations related to inadequate hygiene and disease control measures, including the claim that Perdue sometimes delivered chicks in dirty trays and used dirty machines to catch chickens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A spokesperson for Perdue said: \u201cFood safety, farmer relationships and animal care are top priorities for us at Perdue. Our 101-year-old business is built on attention to detail at every step of our supply chain, as well as trust and collaboration with the farmers who raise our animals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Howell told the Bureau he never received any information about whether tests for diseases had been carried out before the chicks were delivered to his farm. Tests were not always carried out after he alerted the firm about the worrying rates of illness among new flocks, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reporters: Susannah Savage,\u00a0Andrew Wasley, Esther Honig, Josh Hersh and Gilad Thaler
Environment editor: Jeevan Vasagar
Impact producer: Grace Murray
Global editor: James Ball
Editor: Meirion Jones
Production editor: Alex Hess
Design and illustration: Kate Baldwin
Fact checker: Alice Milliken
Legal team: Stephen Shotnes (Simons Muirhead Burton)
Graphics made with\u00a0Flourish<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our reporting on antimicrobial resistance is part of our Eating the Earth project, which has a number of funders. This reporting is funded by the Oak Foundation. None of our funders have any influence over the Bureau\u2019s editorial decisions or output.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article published on The Bureau of investigative journalism on March 16, 2022 Joanne Canda-Alvarez found her nine-year-old son splayed out on his bedroom floor, unable to move and foaming at the mouth. The day before, Jayven had been playing golf with his family. Now he was completely paralysed by the sudden onset of a rare […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":22411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSuperbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America - Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Informations, \u00e9v\u00e8nements et actualit\u00e9s autour de l'Antibior\u00e9sistance en France et \u00e0 l'international.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America - Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Informations, \u00e9v\u00e8nements et actualit\u00e9s autour de l'Antibior\u00e9sistance en France et \u00e0 l'international.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-25T15:15:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-25T15:15:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"554\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"447\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u00c9milie Noguez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u00c9milie Noguez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u00c9milie Noguez\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae79ca06cbeaec66ef5e976b54606b3\"},\"headline\":\"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-25T15:15:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-25T15:15:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\"},\"wordCount\":3560,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"ItemPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\",\"name\":\"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America - Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-25T15:15:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-25T15:15:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Informations, \u00e9v\u00e8nements et actualit\u00e9s autour de l'Antibior\u00e9sistance en France et \u00e0 l'international.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg\",\"width\":554,\"height\":447,\"caption\":\"Cr\u00e9dit : Pixabay\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Infos pratiques & communications\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Actualit\u00e9s\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE\",\"description\":\"PPR Antibior\u00e9sistance - Inserm\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Inserm\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/logo-inserm-ppra.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/logo-inserm-ppra.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Inserm\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae79ca06cbeaec66ef5e976b54606b3\",\"name\":\"\u00c9milie Noguez\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America - Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE","description":"Informations, \u00e9v\u00e8nements et actualit\u00e9s autour de l'Antibior\u00e9sistance en France et \u00e0 l'international.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America - Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE","og_description":"Informations, \u00e9v\u00e8nements et actualit\u00e9s autour de l'Antibior\u00e9sistance en France et \u00e0 l'international.","og_url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/","og_site_name":"Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE","article_published_time":"2022-03-25T15:15:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-03-25T15:15:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":554,"height":447,"url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"\u00c9milie Noguez","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"\u00c9milie Noguez","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"19 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/"},"author":{"name":"\u00c9milie Noguez","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae79ca06cbeaec66ef5e976b54606b3"},"headline":"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America","datePublished":"2022-03-25T15:15:33+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-25T15:15:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/"},"wordCount":3560,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg","articleSection":["Actualit\u00e9s"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":["WebPage","ItemPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/","url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/","name":"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America - Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-25T15:15:33+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-25T15:15:40+00:00","description":"Informations, \u00e9v\u00e8nements et actualit\u00e9s autour de l'Antibior\u00e9sistance en France et \u00e0 l'international.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Chicken-nuggets.jpg","width":554,"height":447,"caption":"Cr\u00e9dit : Pixabay"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/superbugs-on-the-shelves-diseased-chickens-being-sold-accross-america\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Infos pratiques & communications","item":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Actualit\u00e9s","item":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/informations-et-communications\/actualites\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Superbugs on the shelves: diseased chickens being sold accross America"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/","name":"Interface nationale ANTIBIOR\u00c9SISTANCE","description":"PPR Antibior\u00e9sistance - Inserm","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#organization","name":"Inserm","url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/logo-inserm-ppra.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/logo-inserm-ppra.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Inserm"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae79ca06cbeaec66ef5e976b54606b3","name":"\u00c9milie Noguez"}]}},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-18 13:50:57","action":"change-status","newStatus":"private","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22403"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/139"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22403"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22425,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22403\/revisions\/22425"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ppr-antibioresistance.inserm.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}